Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are autoantibodies that target components of the cell nucleus. Their presence is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis, among others. Detecting ANAs is crucial for diagnosing these diseases, monitoring disease activity, and predicting clinical outcomes. Over the years, several methods have been developed to detect ANAs, each with its significance and limitations. Different methods of ANA detection may yield different results due to variations in antigen specificity, sensitivity, and interpretative criteria. ANA test by ELISA method: The ELISA method offers a semi-quantitative or quantitative determination of IgG antibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens in the bloodstream and is one of the commonly utilized techniques alongside the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). While ELISA offers specificity and quantification, it is essential...